Dental OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) Practice Exam

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Which symptom is associated with hyperparathyroidism?

Weight gain
Hyperactivity
Symptoms of hypercalcemia
Hypoglycemia

The correct answer is: Symptoms of hypercalcemia

Hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which leads to an increase in calcium levels in the bloodstream, known as hypercalcemia. The hallmark symptoms associated with hyperparathyroidism are directly related to this elevated calcium level. Symptoms of hypercalcemia can include various manifestations such as increased thirst and urination, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, fatigue, and changes in mental status, which may range from depression to confusion. These manifestations occur due to the body's response to elevated calcium levels affecting various bodily systems. In contrast, weight gain is not typically associated with hyperparathyroidism, nor is hyperactivity, as neither is a direct consequence of altered calcium metabolism. Furthermore, hypoglycemia is unrelated to the actions of parathyroid hormone; rather, it pertains to insulin and glucose metabolism. Thus, recognizing symptoms of hypercalcemia is crucial in assessing and diagnosing hyperparathyroidism, making it the correct association.