Dental OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) Practice Exam

Which bacteria is associated with Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG)?

1. Staphylococcus aureus

2. Escherichia coli

3. Actinobacillus spirochete

4. Bacteroides fragilis

The correct answer is: Actinobacillus spirochete

Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG), also known as trench mouth, is most commonly associated with a specific group of bacteria that includes spirochetes, particularly from the genus Treponema, as well as other oral microorganisms such as Fusobacterium and Prevotella. The mention of "Actinobacillus spirochete" in the context of this condition refers to the role of spirochete bacteria in the disease process. These spirochetes contribute to the characteristic ulceration and necrosis seen in ANUG. The presence of these bacteria leads to an inflammatory response within the gingival tissues, resulting in symptoms such as pain, bleeding, and the formation of ulcers. While other bacteria are present in the oral cavity and may contribute to periodontal disease to varying degrees, the specific association of spirochetes with ANUG is critical for understanding the microbiological landscape of this condition. This highlights the importance of recognizing specific pathogens involved in oral diseases and tailoring treatment approaches accordingly.