Dental OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) Practice Exam

What is the primary function of a potassium-sparing diuretic like Triamterene?

1. Increase urine output

2. Reduce hypertension

3. Conserve potassium

4. Decrease fluid retention

The correct answer is: Conserve potassium

The primary function of a potassium-sparing diuretic like Triamterene is to conserve potassium. While diuretics generally work by promoting the excretion of water and electrolytes through increased urine production, potassium-sparing diuretics are unique in that they help prevent the loss of potassium, a crucial mineral that maintains various bodily functions, including nerve and muscle cell activity. Triamterene specifically acts on the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting ducts in the kidneys, where it inhibits sodium reabsorption. This mechanism allows for sodium to be excreted while simultaneously decreasing potassium excretion, making it particularly useful for patients who might be at risk of hypokalemia (low potassium levels) when using other types of diuretics. In summary, Triamterene’s capacity to spare potassium makes it an important option in managing fluid balance without compromising potassium levels, which supports the overall well-being of the patient.