Dental OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) Practice Exam

What essential supplement should be considered when using thiazide diuretics?

1. Calcium

2. Vitamin D

3. Sodium

4. Potassium

The correct answer is: Potassium

Thiazide diuretics are known to cause an increase in potassium excretion through the urine, leading to a potential deficiency in potassium levels in patients who are on these medications. Therefore, potassium is an essential supplement that should be considered for individuals taking thiazide diuretics to help prevent hypokalemia, a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of potassium in the bloodstream. Maintaining appropriate potassium levels is crucial for several bodily functions, including nerve signaling, muscle contraction, and heart function. Therefore, monitoring and supplementing potassium can help mitigate these risks associated with thiazide diuretic use. This is particularly important in patients who may have a higher risk of developing low potassium levels, such as those who are on higher doses of diuretics or those who have dietary restrictions that limit potassium intake. The other substances, while important in various contexts, do not directly address the issue of potassium loss associated with thiazide diuretics. For instance, calcium supplementation may be necessary in certain populations, like postmenopausal women, but it does not counteract the potassium loss induced by these diuretics. Similarly, while vitamin D plays a role in calcium metabolism, it does not directly impact potassium levels. Sodium intake must also