Dental OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) Practice Exam

What effect does hydrochlorothiazide have on the periodontium?

1. It causes inflammation

2. It has no effect

3. It decreases salivary flow

4. It increases retention

The correct answer is: It has no effect

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic commonly used to manage hypertension and edema. Its primary action is to inhibit sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, leading to increased urination and decreased blood volume. When considering its impact on the periodontium, studies indicate that hydrochlorothiazide generally does not cause any significant direct inflammatory changes or adverse effects in the periodontal tissues. While some medications can influence periodontal health by causing dry mouth or other oral side effects, hydrochlorothiazide is not typically associated with these issues. Additionally, it does not promote retention of plaque or bacteria that could lead to periodontal disease. Therefore, the assertion that it has no effect on the periodontium aligns with findings that demonstrate minimal to no significant changes in periodontal health associated with its use. Some alternative options might suggest potential adverse effects, but those associations are generally not supported by clinical evidence regarding hydrochlorothiazide specifically. Thus, the correct conclusion is that this medication tends not to impact the health of the periodontium negatively.