Dental OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) Practice Exam

What condition is characterized by symptoms such as weight gain, deepening voice, and dry skin?

1. Hyperthyroidism

2. Hypothyroidism

3. Graves Disease

4. Addison's Disease

The correct answer is: Hypothyroidism

The condition described, characterized by symptoms such as weight gain, a deepening voice, and dry skin, is indeed hypothyroidism. This is a state where the thyroid gland produces insufficient amounts of thyroid hormones, which are crucial for regulating metabolism and overall bodily functions. Weight gain occurs because a decrease in thyroid hormone levels leads to a slower metabolism, causing the body to use energy less efficiently. The deepening of the voice can result from changes in the structure of the larynx due to hormonal imbalances. Dry skin is another common symptom because thyroid hormones play a vital role in maintaining skin hydration and elasticity. In hypothyroidism, the skin may become less able to retain moisture, leading to dryness and other changes in texture. Hypothyroidism typically presents with a range of symptoms that reflect its systemic effects, making recognition crucial for early intervention and treatment. In contrast, other conditions listed show different primary symptoms and processes related to thyroid or adrenal function.