Dental OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) Practice Exam

Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis is characterized by which of the following features?

1. Raised lesions on the tongue

2. Vesicular lesions

3. Painless sores on gums

4. Red lesions in the mouth

The correct answer is: Raised lesions on the tongue

Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis, also known as candidal leukoplakia, is particularly characterized by raised white lesions that typically occur on the tongue and other oral mucosal surfaces. These lesions are often indistinguishable from erythroleukoplakia or leukoplakia, making them an important diagnostic consideration. The term "hyperplastic" refers to the overactive growth of the epithelium due to chronic irritation or infection by Candida, leading to the formation of these raised lesions. The presence of raised lesions is a key diagnostic feature that distinguishes chronic hyperplastic candidiasis from other forms of oral candidiasis, which may present differently. For example, while vesicular lesions are indicative of viral infections, and painless sores might suggest conditions like aphthous ulcers or other oral pathologies, they do not specifically indicate chronic hyperplastic candidiasis. Moreover, red lesions in the mouth may be associated with other types of candidiasis, such as acute pseudomembranous candidiasis, but they are not characteristic of the hyperplastic variety. This distinction is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and subsequent treatment, emphasizing the importance of understanding the unique presentations associated with different forms of oral candidiasis.