Dental OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) Practice Exam

Anaphylaxis is commonly associated with which respiratory condition?

1. Bronchitis

2. Bronchospasm

3. Asthma attack

4. Pulmonary embolism

The correct answer is: Bronchospasm

Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can cause various physiological responses, including respiratory distress. Bronchospasm, which refers to the sudden constriction of bronchial smooth muscles, is closely linked to anaphylaxis due to the release of histamines and other mediators from mast cells during an allergic reaction. This constriction can lead to airway obstruction, making it difficult for a person to breathe. In the context of anaphylaxis, bronchospasm is a direct physiological response that can result in symptoms such as wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath, which are hallmark features of the condition. This connection makes bronchospasm an expected respiratory complication that can arise during an anaphylactic episode. While asthma attacks also involve bronchospasm, they are part of a chronic condition rather than an acute allergic reaction like anaphylaxis.